A pattern of long-term shifts in temperatures and weather, including global warming, drought, floods, and rising sea levels. Such shifts can be natural, due to changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions. Since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. In the 2016 Paris Agreement, the problem of keeping the global average temperature below 1.5 degrees Celsius was raised, recognising that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.